Hydrogen and biofuels
Today, fossil fuels account for more than 75 per cent of the energy used in manufacturing. But some industries, especially those involving high-temperature thermal processes, aren’t well suited to electrification. For them, switching from high-carbon fuel, like coal or coke, to cleaner options, like hydrogen or low-carbon biofuel, provides a feasible way to reduce GHG emissions. For difficult-to-electrify heavy equipment and large trucks – which typically run on diesel or gas – zero-emission “green” hydrogen technologies are also emerging. In the meantime, low-carbon biofuels – including vegetable oil-based biodiesel, corn- and sugar cane-based ethanol, and renewable natural gas made from decomposing waste – offer a short-term solution.